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You can start emacs in dired mode by adding this to your startup script
Next time you start emacs, the dired command will run, starting emacs in dired mode at the current working directory.
(dired ".")
Another way to start emacs in dired mode, is to execute an expression from the command line, e.g.
This starts emacs and executes the dired command, starting emacs in dired mode
emacs --execute='(dired "~/")'
Lastly, a simple way is to just pass the directory to emacs, e.g.
Starting emacs in dired mode at the current working directory.
emacs .